Dr. M.J. Bazos, MD
Patient Handout
GLOSSITIS
About Your
Diagnosis
Glossitis is an inflammation
of the tongue. It may be acute or chronic. It may be a condition in and of
itself or may be a symptom of another disease. It is a common condition that
affects individuals of all ages. It does seem to occur more commonly in men.
There are many causes of glossitis, both local and systemic. Bacterial and viral
infections can be a local cause of glossitis. Trauma or mechanical irritation
from burns, teeth, and dental appliances are other local causes. Local irritants
such as tobacco, alcohol, and hot or spicy foods can also cause glossitis. An
allergic reaction from toothpaste, mouthwash, or other materials put in the
mouth can be a local cause. Systemic glossitis can result from nutritional
causes, skin diseases, and systemic infections. If an individual is malnourished
or lacks iron or the B vitamins in the diet, glossitis can develop. Skin
diseases such as oral lichen planus, erythema multiforme, aphthous ulcers, and
pemphigus vulgaris can cause glossitis. Infections such as syphilis and human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may have glossitis as their first symptom.
Occasionally, the cause of glossitis is inherited. An examination is the best
way to detect glossitis. Occasionally if the cause is not clear or there is no
improvement with treatment, a biopsy is done. In most cases, glossitis will
resolve with outpatient treatment. Occasionally hospitalization will be required
if the swelling is severe and blocks the
airway.
Living With Your
Diagnosis
The signs and symptoms of
glossitis are variable because of the various causes. The basic signs are that
the tongue changes color and is painful. The color changes vary from a dark
“beefy” red to fiery red to pale to white. The tongue may be painful
enough to cause difficulty chewing, swallowing, or talking. The fingerlike
projections on the tongue surface are lost. This gives the tongue a smooth
appearance. Ulcerations on the tongue occur with some cases of
glossitis.
Treatment
The
treatment of glossitis depends on the cause. Antibiotics are used for the
treatment of bacterial infections. For a nutritional deficiency, supplementation
with vitamins or iron is the treatment. The swelling and discomfort is treated
with various over-the-counter and prescription drugs that are used locally.
Mouth rinses with a half teaspoon of baking soda and 8 oz of warm water can
provide relief. If the swelling is severe, corticosteriods taken by mouth may be
necessary.
The
DOs
• A bland or liquid diet may
be needed while symptoms of glossitis are
present.
• Good oral hygiene is
necessary for prevention. Brush and floss teeth, and clean the tongue after each
meal. See a dentist regularly.
The
DON’Ts
• Avoid agents that
may cause irritation or be sensitizing. This includes hot or spicy foods and
alcohol.
• Stop smoking and avoid
tobacco in all forms.
When to Call
Your Doctor
• If you have
breathing, speaking, chewing, or swallowing difficulties. This may mean the
swollen tongue has blocked the airway. This is an emergency that needs immediate
medical attention.
• If symptoms of
glossitis persist for longer than 10 days.